Jumat, 27 September 2013

[O223.Ebook] Download PDF Paper Towns, by John Green

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Paper Towns, by John Green

Paper Towns, by John Green



Paper Towns, by John Green

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Paper Towns, by John Green

From the #1 bestselling author of The Fault in Our Stars--now a major motion picture!

Winner of the Edgar Award for Best Young Adult Mystery
New York Times bestseller
USA Today bestseller
Publishers Weekly bestseller
 

 

When Margo Roth Spiegelman beckons Quentin Jacobsen in the middle of the night—dressed like a ninja and plotting an ingenious campaign of revenge—he follows her. Margo’s always planned extravagantly, and, until now, she’s always planned solo. After a lifetime of loving Margo from afar, things are finally looking up for Q . . . until day breaks and she has vanished. Always an enigma, Margo has now become a mystery. But there are clues. And they’re for Q.

Printz Medalist John Green returns with the trademark brilliant wit and heart-stopping emotional honesty that have inspired a new generation of readers.

  • Sales Rank: #1894 in Books
  • Brand: Speak
  • Published on: 2009-09-22
  • Released on: 2009-09-22
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.25" h x .87" w x 5.50" l, .70 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 305 pages

From Publishers Weekly
Green melds elements from his Looking for Alaska and An Abundance of Katherines— the impossibly sophisticated but unattainable girl, and a life-altering road trip—for another teen-pleasing read. Weeks before graduating from their Orlando-area high school, Quentin Jacobsen's childhood best friend, Margo, reappears in his life, specifically at his window, commanding him to take her on an all-night, score-settling spree. Quentin has loved Margo from not so afar (she lives next door), years after she ditched him for a cooler crowd. Just as suddenly, she disappears again, and the plot's considerable tension derives from Quentin's mission to find out if she's run away or committed suicide. Margo's parents, inured to her extreme behavior, wash their hands, but Quentin thinks she's left him a clue in a highlighted volume of Leaves of Grass. Q's sidekick, Radar, editor of a Wikipedia-like Web site, provides the most intelligent thinking and fuels many hilarious exchanges with Q. The title, which refers to unbuilt subdivisions and copyright trap towns that appear on maps but don't exist, unintentionally underscores the novel's weakness: both milquetoast Q and self-absorbed Margo are types, not fully dimensional characters. Readers who can get past that will enjoy the edgy journey and off-road thinking. Ages 12–up. (Oct.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

From School Library Journal
Starred Review. Grade 9 Up—Quentin Jacobsen, 17, has been in love with his next-door neighbor, Margo Roth Spiegelman, for his entire life. A leader at their Central Florida high school, she has carefully cultivated her badass image. Quentin is one of the smart kids. His parents are therapists and he is, above all things, "goddamned well adjusted." He takes a rare risk when Margo appears at his window in the middle of the night. They drive around righting wrongs via her brilliant, elaborate pranks. Then she runs away (again). He slowly uncovers the depth of her unhappiness and the vast differences between the real and imagined Margo. Florida's heat and homogeneity as depicted here are vivid and awful. Green's prose is astounding—from hilarious, hyperintellectual trash talk and shtick, to complex philosophizing, to devastating observation and truths. He nails it—exactly how a thing feels, looks, affects—page after page. The mystery of Margo—her disappearance and her personhood—is fascinating, cleverly constructed, and profoundly moving. Green builds tension through both the twists of the active plot and the gravitas of the subject. He skirts the stock coming-of-age character arc—Quentin's eventual bravery is not the revelation. Instead, the teen thinks deeper and harder—about the beautiful and terrifying ways we can and cannot know those we love. Less-sophisticated readers may get lost in Quentin's copious transcendental ruminations—give Paper Towns to your sharpest teens.—Johanna Lewis, New York Public Library
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

From Booklist
In his reading of Green’s engaging novel, actor and musician Miller imbues Quentin “Q” Jacobsen, a love-struck high-school senior, with sonorous tones and just the right amount of wry. Q has lusted after next-door neighbor Margo Roth Spiegelman for what seems like his whole life. The mischievous brunette is drop-dead gorgeous and a little dangerous, too. When Margo goes missing, Q is determined to find her. As in Green’s 2006 Michael L. Printz Award winner Looking for Alaska, also available from Brilliance Audio, the plot centers around a group of quirky, bright teens. Miller handles most of them with aplomb, including nerdy best-friend Ben, who is reflected in slightly high-pitched and whiny tones, and Margo, who sounds somewhat breathy. He also does a first-rate job with the adult voices, from the detached tones of Q’s hyperanalytical therapist parents to the velvety drawl of a detective. Teens will savor Miller’s spirited rendering of Green’s witty and imaginative tale. Grades 9-12. --Allison Block

Most helpful customer reviews

238 of 266 people found the following review helpful.
The Compulsive Reader's Reviews
By The Compulsive Reader
To everyone who surrounds Margo Roth Spiegelman, she is an adventurous, unconventional, and intelligent person and a highly admired someone that everyone puts on a pedestal. So when Margo sneaks into Quentin Jacobsen's room one glorious night and involves him in her crazy exploits, he can't help but feel as if a new page has been turned, and just maybe he can be a part of the marvelous Margo's life.

But the next morning all of Quentin's hopes are dashed with Margo's disappearance. Her parents and the police think this is just another one of her stunts, but Q's not so sure. Because Margo has left him a string of clues, one right after another, which just might lead him to her. But the thing is, he's not sure what he'll find.

John Green brings readers another surprising, witty, and fully honest book in Paper Towns. His writing is captivating from the very beginning as multitudes of details, no mater how large of small, flow seamlessly together. Green has a knack for highlighting the little distinguishing factors that make us human, making for more believable characters and completely enthralling book.

The mystery in Paper Towns is clever, and will leave readers scratching their heads as Q and his friends struggle to piece together the clues with some frustration and tons of humor. But the teens are just as quick to get serious as they contemplate what has actually happened to Margo and as Quentin especially comes to see her in a completely different light with a little help from the poetry of Walt Whitman.

Though Paper Towns did slow down a little bit in the middle of the book as Quentin hits a brick wall in his search, this novel is suspenseful, hilarious, and quirky, and especially appealing to the well read teen. The characters are as real as your own friends, and teens can't help but see pieces of their own lives in this amazingly candid book. Read at your own risk though--Green's works are completely addictive, and once you start, it's impossible to stop.

153 of 173 people found the following review helpful.
Nope, Didn't Like It
By J. Sinn
I know I'm in the minority here, but I have to say that this book definitely didn't do it for me. Maybe it's because my expectations were too high after reading "The Fault in Our Stars." Or perhaps the characters were just a little too "too cool for school" for me. I was willing to ignore the impossibility of teenagers having the ability to speak and think like seasoned college professors in "The Fault in Our Stars," mainly because it was such a beautiful story - a masterpiece even! But in this book, it was just too far-fetched to believe that teens could be so wise beyond their years. Yes, some of their antics tickled my funny bone, like when Ben had to pee so bad in the car that he was about to "cry tears of pee." But I got really tired being inside the head of a swoony teenage boy who was totally infatuated with a rather smug, manipulative girl. His constant ruminations about the oh-so-very enigmatic girl next door, was about as interesting as listening to my best friend talk on an on about the guy she's dating. Overall, the story seemed to go nowhere and the characters grew increasingly more annoying as the chapters progressed. Sorry, but this was a dud for me.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Easy Read
By Kindle Customer
It was an easy read that made you want to keep reading just to see where the author was going with it. Interesting read, but I'm not sure that I would recommend it.

The last bit about imagination being requires in order to live life was probably my favorite part.

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Kamis, 26 September 2013

[U980.Ebook] Get Free Ebook Tokyo on Foot: Travels in the City's Most Colorful Neighborhoods, by Florent Chavouet

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Tokyo on Foot: Travels in the City's Most Colorful Neighborhoods, by Florent Chavouet

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Tokyo on Foot: Travels in the City's Most Colorful Neighborhoods, by Florent Chavouet

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Tokyo on Foot: Travels in the City's Most Colorful Neighborhoods, by Florent Chavouet

This prize-winning book is both an illustrated tour of a Tokyo rarely seen in Japan travel guides and an artist's warm, funny, visually rich, and always entertaining graphic memoir.

Florent Chavouet, a young graphic artist, spent six months exploring Tokyo while his girlfriend interned at a company there. Each day he would set forth with a pouch full of color pencils and a sketchpad, and visit different neighborhoods. This stunning book records the city that he got to know during his adventures. It isn't the Tokyo of packaged tours and glossy guidebooks, but a grittier, vibrant place, full of ordinary people going about their daily lives and the scenes and activities that unfold on the streets of a bustling metropolis.

Here you find business men and women, hipsters, students, grandmothers, shopkeepers, policemen, and other urban types and tribes in all manner of dress and hairstyles. A temple nestles among skyscrapers; the corner grocery anchors a diverse assortment of dwellings, cafes, and shops—often tangled in electric lines.

The artist mixes styles and tags his pictures with wry comments and observations. Realistically rendered advertisements or posters of pop stars contrast with cartoon sketches of iconic objects or droll vignettes, like a housewife walking her pet pig, a Godzilla statue in a local park, and an urban fishing pond that charges 400 yen per half hour.

This very personal guide to Tokyo is organized by neighborhood with hand-drawn maps that provide an overview of each neighborhood, but what really defines them is what caught the artist's eye and attracted his formidable drawing talent. Florent Chavouet begins his introduction by observing that, "Tokyo is said to be the most beautiful of ugly cities." With wit, a playful sense of humor, and the multicolor pencils of his kit, he sets aside the question of urban ugliness or beauty and captures the Japanese essence of a great city in this truly vital portrait.

  • Sales Rank: #62352 in Books
  • Published on: 2011-06-10
  • Released on: 2011-06-10
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 10.00" h x .60" w x 7.25" l, 1.25 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 208 pages

Review
"…hand-drawn maps…provide information about the various neighborhoods in the city — hence; it can prove to be very helpful for your trip planning." —I Am Aileen blog

"This stunning book records the city that [Florent Chavouet] got to know during his adventures, a gritty, vibrant place, full of ordinary people going about their daily lives. Realistically rendered city views or posters of pop stars contrast with cartoon sketches of iconic objects or droll vignettes…With wit, a playful sense of humor, and the colored pencils of his kit, Chavouet sets aside the question of urban ugliness or beauty and captures the Japanese essence of a great city." —Japan Today

"His drawings are so wonderfully idiosyncratic and so beautifully detailed that what must have been a labor of love for him is no less a labor of delightful artistic genius." —Publishers Weekly starred review

"[Tokyo on Foot] will make readers with wanderlust wish to drop their everyday responsibilities and trek through a foreign city. It will appeal to the armchair traveler who yearns for a bit of the exotic, the wanderer who wants to someday visit the Land of the Rising Sun, and, indeed, anyone who appreciates the marriage of grit and beauty, self-deprecating wit, and losing oneself in good pictures for a while." —ForeWord Reviews

"From what Chavouet saw, did, ate—bugs, festivals, storefronts, a fake French mansion, random drinks and snacks—his illustrations catch perfect little details you'll never find in any guide book. His myriad of people caught in the midst of their everyday lives are undoubtedly the book's highlight. […] By the time he's back in his native France, he's got an award-winning, fascinating book that surely makes for ideal reading for both armchair tourists and peripatetic travelers alike." —Book Dragon (Smithsonian Institute)

"The book captures the feel and spirit of the Japanese metropolis in comical sketches, sparse writings and whimsical, hand-drawn city maps. The book is a diary of Chavouet's six months in Tokyo. And, it's worth the money, at least for people who can appreciate Chavouet's observations on life in Japan and who can enjoy his artwork, which is intriguing, if somewhat reminiscent of classic Mad Magazine drawings. Chavouet depicts the everyday sights of Tokyo—much of which are universal sights in homogeneous Japan—in a way that's so detailed that you feel as if you can walk into the pages. It's almost like the feeling you get when you see one of those picture-perfect towns made of Legos. "—About.com

"…as for Chavouet—colorful, farcical, artistically superior Chavouet—his way of seeing Japan is insightful and entertaining for over two hundred pages. The execution is confident—a positive side-effect of it having no agenda but to represent his individual experience." —Axiom Magazine

"This is the first book by Mr. Chavouet in which he chronicled his adventures in Japan with his gorgeous hand-drawn pictures and in writing. […] This book can be enjoyed by anyone who is interested in Japan, especially Tokyo. As well as those who like quality drawings of people in their daily lives." —Tokyo Five blog

About the Author
Florent Chavouet is a young graphic artist and author living in Paris. When he returned from Japan, he realized that all the observing and sketching he had done in Tokyo led to his evolution as an artist. This is his first book. florentchavouet.com

Most helpful customer reviews

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Clever insight into Tokyo the city, not Tokyo the tourist destination
By C. E. Stevens
I almost didn't pick up this book, with its dull "Tokyo on Foot" title ... which, in addition to being pretty generic, isn't even accurate--as we learn in several amusing anecdotes, this is actually "Tokyo on Bicycle"! However, the whimsical sketches on the front and back cover grabbed my attention, and as soon as I started flipping through the pages I was hooked. I lived in Japan for two years, one of them in Yokohama (so I am quite familiar with Tokyo), and this captured the experience of living in the Tokyo area perfectly: hunched over grannies, aggressive insects, old bicycles, expensive fruit, taxi drivers, police officers who seem to strive to be either your best friend or worst enemy, a mix of curiosity and suspicion toward the gaijin who actually are *living* in Japan as opposed to simply passing through as tourists, etc., etc. One of the only major omissions I can think of that a resident of Tokyo will notice is the absence of trains, subways, etc. (this is "Tokyo on Foot"/by bike, after all).

Note, however, that this is not really the "tourist's Tokyo". The fact that this book starts off in nondescript Machiya (an area of Tokyo warranting only a few scant sentences even in the Japanese language version of Wikipedia) should be a clue. If you pick up this book hoping to see sketches of Meiji Shrine, the Imperial Palace, or Asakusa's Sensoji Temple, you will be sorely disappointed. Likewise, this is not the traditional culture connoisseur or otaku's guide to Tokyo--no tea ceremonies or kimono, and anime/manga make only a brief appearance. As a result, while I think this book will be of interest to anyone with an interest in Japan, I think this will be of the most interest to people who have experience living in Japan, the Tokyo area in particular (although much will be familiar to people who lived in other parts of Japan, particularly the urban areas). The author shines in his attention to the little details and everyday events that combine to make up that sometimes-thrilling, sometimes-frustrating, never-boring experience that is living in Japan. For such people, this book is a 5-star experience--it will bring back vivid memories of your time living in Japan (and for the artistically inclined, it will likely leave you kicking yourself for not thinking of doing this book first!). For those who have been to Japan only on short trips as tourists, 4 stars: I'm sure this will still be enjoyable, although many of the details will go unappreciated. For everyone else, depending on your level of interest in Japan, this may or may not be of interest--flip through a few pages first, and I imagine you will either be hooked (if so, buy it!) or bored (if so, move on!).

Personally, for me as a former "gaijin-in-residence" and Japanophile longing for an opportunity to go back, I found this book to be delightful and I poured over the details and the maps as I reminisced about my days living in Japan. There are many books on Tokyo and Japan in general, but this is a truly unique and special work ... I am glad to have the chance to add it to my bookshelf, and am happy to recommend it to others.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
great peek into non-touristy tokyo . / say no to the kindle ed. though
By autumnchild83
I love this book! Fun notes and observations makes it feel like you're on the trip with chavouet. This book is a pictorial diary of the author's time roaming tokyo while his girlfriend got a job there for a few months. If you buy this book thinking it's a guide, you'll be sorely mistaken. The guy drew his observations and comments on his experience. The style is relatable, cartoon caricatures in color pencils. Fun look through and study of some smaller "everyday" neighborhoods most tourists overlook when they're there to see see see the sights! The artist also concentrated on the area of 1 train line which he frequent which is nice there's a concentration. Tokyo is huge, the author is neither an expert on japan nor claim this as a guide. It just a beautiful peek into his adventures and experiences while living abroad. The hardcopy is a nice book to have. To reminisce perhaps he capture your own thoughts in pictures so well or just to see what some things you might be overlooking if you're heading out there yourself. It's a great inspiration piece, too.

NOW FOR THE KINDLE EDITION: I wish I saw the review for the kindle edition sooner! It SUX! I have the
8.9 fire HDX and the pages are basically an image,, A LOW RESOLUTION at that, quality degrade blur and pixelated when I try to zoom in to read certain comments caption. I need to find out how to return this kindle version, sigh more work. Actually quite annoyed right now.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Intriguing & Informative
By Nicole
The book is very detailed and contains many different visual ideas of Tokyo. It is know for the mapping and illustrations. My first impression of the book was very exciting. However, as I began to go further in the book, I was not as excited as I hoped. The illustrations were on the whole, above average, but nothing very unique. The idea is great! I did like the idea of information being placed about where the author had traveled and who he had come across while living in Japan. The other plus is the amount of work you get. I can't imagine how long this took him in terms of illustrating it. It reminds how a good piece of work really does take time. I would recommend this people who are interested in off-grid way of looking at Tokyo. It is one I will keep on shelf, but will probably never open again.

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Minggu, 22 September 2013

[O679.Ebook] PDF Download Afield: A Chef's Guide to Preparing and Cooking Wild Game and Fish, by Jesse Griffiths

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Afield: A Chef's Guide to Preparing and Cooking Wild Game and Fish, by Jesse Griffiths

2012 IPPY Bronze Award in the Cookbook category (Independent Publisher Book Awards)
ForeWord Reviews 2012 Book of the Year Award Finalist (TBA)
2013 James Beard Foundation Book Awards, Nominee Finalist

Born from the principles of the local food movement, a growing number of people are returning to hunting and preparing fish and game for their home tables. Afield: A Chef's Guide to Preparing and Cooking Wild Game and Fish is at once a manifesto for this movement and a manual packed with everything the new hunter needs to know.  Wild foods, when managed responsibly, are sustainable, ethical, and delicious, and author Jesse Griffiths combines traditional methods of hunting, butchering, and preparing fish and game with 85 mouthwatering recipes.

Afield throws open the doors of field dressing for novice and experienced hunters alike, supplying the know-how for the next logical step in the local, sustainable food movement.  Stemming from a commitment to locally grown vegetables and nose-to-tail cooking, Griffiths is an expert guide on this tour of tradition and taste, offering a combination of hunting lessons, butchery methods, recipes, including how to scale, clean, stuff, fillet, skin, braise, fry and more. Fellow hunting enthusiast and food photographer Jody Horton takes you into the field, follows Griffiths step-by-step along the way and then provides you with exquisite plate photograph of the finished feasts. Filled with descriptive stories and photographs, Afield takes the reader along for the hunt, from duck and dove to deer and wild hog.

Game and fish include:
Doves, Deer, Hogs, Squirrel, Rabbits, Ducks, Geese, Turkey, Flounder, White Bass, Crabs, Catfish, and more.

  • Sales Rank: #100282 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Welcome Books
  • Published on: 2012-09-18
  • Released on: 2012-09-18
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 10.28" h x 1.21" w x 8.24" l, 3.00 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 272 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
2012 IPPY Bronze Award in the Cookbook category (Independent Publisher Book Awards)
ForeWord Reviews 2012 Book of the Year Award Finalist (TBA)
2013 James Beard Foundation Book Awards, Nominee Finalist

"Griffiths may be an ideologue, but his recipes adapt well to the work of the unarmed home cook hoping simply to feed friends beautiful, flavorful food in the chill of early winter. His anise brine mutes the wildness in feral boar. But it also augments the flavor of commercially raised pigs, increases the clarity of their flavor, acts as the best sort of kitchen cheat."
— Sam Sifton, "How to Tame a Wild Pork Chop" featured in The New York Times Magazine
"I don't really see myself plucking doves anytime soon—rather I tend to feed them—but I greatly admire Jesse Griffiths and his work, especially Afield. It's solid and real, not something stylish and trendy. It's clear that Jesse takes this work very seriously. That would be enough, but I have to add that the photographs are especially evocative."
—Deborah Madison, author of Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone and Local Flavors

"After the Larousse Gastronomique, this book will become my new bible. Afield is part of the new generation of culinary books. Actually, it's more than just a culinary book, it's a North American chef d'oeuvre. Enjoy!"
—Martin Picard aka "The Wild Chef," author of Au Pied de Cochon Sugar Shack

"A kindred spirit and fellow hunter, angler and cook, Jesse Griffiths has created a book that not only highlights the glories of Texas' abundant game and fish, but is also just as relevant and as useful wherever you can find doves and deer, crabs and crappies. It is one of a very few modern cookbooks that does justice to America's wild game and fish."
—Hank Shaw, author of Hunt, Gather, Cook

"Jesse Griffiths practices what most of us only preach when it comes to sustainable eating. Afield shows us that hunting is as much about compassion, respect and knowledge of animals, and the land as it is about the preparation. Much praise goes to Jesse for making the art of hunting and cooking game approachable."
—Carla Hall, co-host of The Chew

"From his love of hunting and fishing, Jesse Griffiths has created a rare and beautiful book."
—April Bloomfield, chef and author of A Girl and Her Pig

Advance Praise "Of all the members of The Butcher's Guild, Jesse is one of the most intrepid and iconoclastic. Gracefully teaching sustainability and holistic cooking in Texas, he has become the young grandaddy to a new generation of chefs and butchers. His prose and approach are as warm as a campfire on a Texas dove-hunt."
—Marissa Guggiana, author of Primal Cuts and Off the Menu; co-founder of The Butcher's Guild

"The recipes are spot-on (I cook; my son is a chef), the photography is gorgeous, and the philosophy is a welcome breath of non-self-righteous rationalization."
—James R. Babb, Editor, Gray's Sporting Journal

"This book is inspiring. Jesse captures the energy of the hunter gatherer in a refined and approachable way. This book makes me want to eat Snipe and smoke my own catfish."
—Jamie Bissonnette, chef and butcher at Coppa and Toro in Boston

"Jesse Griffiths knows what's important about food...that it's fresh, local and allowed to speak for itself. He's an old school chef with deep respect for the land, his farmers and purveyors and the food they produce and it shows through his cooking."
—Dave Pasternack aka "The Fish Whisperer," according to the New York Times; author of A Young Man and the Sea

"For all who want to take increased responsibility for meat eating and plan to hunt it themselves, Afield is the book to follow. For all who may aspire to hunting, it is the book to read closely for a real sense of the experience. For those who already know the pleasures of the hunt, but may not know how to maximize the pleasures of the table, Afield is the book to cook from."
—Deborah Krasner, author of GOOD MEAT

"The magic, and why I think Afield is a special work, is that it fully portrays a way of living and thinking that allows us to return to a more simple way to be measured and respected. And it does so without lecturing or pandering. It reminds me that by living a more principled life, I can make my world a better place and I can use food and cooking to do it. This book is a beautiful piece of work, and after you read it, and cook from it, please get outside and get dirty with it. Wherever you are, the great outdoors is waiting for you, afield."
—Andrew Zimmern, host of Bizarre Foods, from his introduction to Afield (Andrew featured Griffiths breaking down a feral hog on the Bizarre Foods Austin episode that aired on August 13, 2012)

"It's not news that we're rethinking how we eat. Between money issues, and the conglomeration of differing ideas about where we should get our food and what we should do with it, I'm surprised we've not seen a book like Afield before now. Then again we've not had a Jesse Griffiths stepping forward before now. With this book he reaches beyond those who have always hunted. He lives that idea of working with what is around you and hunting naturally comes out of that for him. Hunting is not for all of us, but this book has much to teach about working with meat, cooking game well, and for some us, it offers a gentle, thoughtful introduction to a way with food that seemed foreign in the past. It could be a marker for the future."
—Lynne Rossetto Kasper, host of public radio's national food show, The Splendid Table®, from American Public Media (Griffiths' segment will air in mid-September)

"If things get tough on Planet Earth, you'll want Jesse Griffiths at your side, or at least, his educational and entertaining book, Afield! Read Jesse Griffiths' Afield for inspiration, and then get out to the wilderness and bring home a wild hog, or at least a few fish! Then flip through the pages of this beautiful book to learn what to do with your catch. Jesse Griffiths is an omnivore's inspiration — one of Texas' greatest supporters of and educators on local foods of every kind — he's just as good with vegetables as he is with game. Afield is Jesse Griffiths and his cohorts at their finest. If you don't have a gun or a fishing pole, just delve into Afield for a great armchair experience!"
—Carol Ann Sayle, organic vegetable farmer, Boggy Creek Farm, Austin, TX


 “Griffiths takes you inside the moment with him, into his head, as he searches for a downed doe or sets the hook in a catfish’s mouth. It’s impossible to miss Griffiths’ reverence for the lives he literally consumes.”
—Kim Pierce, Dallas Morning News
 
“Everything you want to know about hyper-locavorism can be found in this book of stories, recipes and how-tos that will take you from couch potato to wild boar hunter in no time. Well...maybe a little time.”
—Jesse Kapadia, Food Republic
 
“Lots of the recipes - for turkey, duck, fish, crab, and rabbit in particular - could be happily used by cooks with no intention of actually harvesting it themselves from anywhere but the butcher shop.”
—Molly Watson, About.com
 
“Calling Afield a mere cookbook would be…like calling the Grand Canyon a large ditch. A philosophical journal, a field guide, a visual work of art – all of these would be fitting descriptions of the new book. Half of [the photographs] will inspire you to never eat anything processed again, while the other half will make you want to grab your rod or gun and head out into the wild right away.”
—Bearings: A Southern Lifestyle for Men
 
“Afield is at once anecdotal and educational… In a country where gun ownership is more associated with NRA zealots than food sourcing, Griffiths wants to open up people’s minds to living off the land once again.”
—Veronica Meewes, CultureMap Austin
 
“Afield will inspire you to do—to roll up your sleeves and catch a flounder, clean a rabbit, field dress a feral hog, butcher a deer, cook up a squirrel, and make your own sausage—all in the name of a good meal.”
—Sarah Hebbel-Stone, FarmPlate
 
“Part recipe collection, part Hemingway-esque adventure read, [Afield] comes from one of Austin’s fiercest talents.”
—Paula Disbrowe, Daily South
 
“Yes, it’s a cookbook, but more specifically, it’s an impeccably written, extensively photographed manual that takes people through the hunting process from land, lake, and sea and right back into the home kitchen.”
—Layne Lynch, Texas Monthly

"For a reader who knows the magic of a duck blind at sunrise, the writing is evocative; for the novice, it offers additional insight into why hunting and fishing are favored pastimes for millions in this country."
—Kerry Luft, Chicago Tribune

"Griffiths forges a new approach to the sustainable movement through a compelling narrative on the benefits, both mental and physical, to catching your own dinner."
—Michele Harris, Erickson Tribune

“A practitioner of the new hunting-cooking movement, Griffiths also happens to be a gifted writer who captures the drama and romance of moving through a creek slowly so as not to spook the fish or gutting and scaling whiting directly into Gulf waves while surf fishing… [It’s] Hemingway-esque.”
—Greg Morago, Houston Chronicle
 
“[Afield] is one of the better game cookbooks in recent years, equally accessible to avid hunters and fishermen and those who are just starting out, as well as those who are debating whether to begin.”
—Kerry Luft, Latino Times
 
“We have come a long way from our days as hunter-gatherers, yet there is still deep satisfaction in catching a fish and cooking it yourself…Jesse Griffiths has tapped into that primordial urge.”
—Michael Hoinski, Texas Monthly

About the Author
Chef JESSE GRIFFITHS embodies the forefront of the new hunting-cooking movement.  He has gained national praise for his strictly local butcher shop and supper clubs (Bon Appetit, Food & Wine, Country Living, Garden & Gun) and his series of practical hunting schools are the first of their kind.  In less than a year, they have drawn students from around the country and have gained attention from The New York Times, Texas Monthly, and others. Jesse was nominated as Food & Wine's The People's Best New Chef in 2011, and is the owner and chef of Dai Due with his life/work partner, Tamara Mayfield.  The couple received Austin's Local Hero award in 2010.

JODY HORTON is an Austin-based food and lifestyle photographer. His work has appeared in Garden & Gun, Esquire, Food & Wine, Southern Living, Texas Monthly, and the New York Times. He is a frequent contributor to Texas Monthly, Garden & Gun, Edible Austin, and Southern Living. Find more of his work at www.jodyhorton.com.

ANDREW ZIMMERN, regarded as one of the most versatile and knowledgeable personalities in the food world, is a James Beard Award-winning TV personality, chef, food writer, and teacher. He is the co-creator, host, and consulting producer of the Travel Channel's hit series Bizarre Foods with Andrew Zimmern.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Foreword - Andrew Zimmern
Introduction by Jesse Griffiths
--

Foreword - Andrew Zimmern

For thousands of years a man was measured in simple terms. Honor and hard work gave him the respect of his peers and status in his community. Over the last century, we have seen that change. Impermanence of lifestyles, class privilege determined solely on wealth, the cultish narcissism of the age of celebrity, and the diminished returns on achievement—these societal woes have all contributed to a cultural standard that our grandparents, who knew that the reward was in the doing, wouldn’t recognize. Good or bad, it’s a fact. In an age where the world is changing so quickly, in our disposable culture, the ability to pause and put some space between what we think we want and what we decide to do is one of our greatest necessities. Which is why I sought out Jesse Griffiths one day a few years back on a trip to Austin, Texas.
 
Here was a man living a life that is supremely of the moment, his professional code of conduct couldn’t be more fitting with everything that is right about food in America. And more importantly his “way of doing” provides thought leadership and actionable pursuits.
 
Instinctively we realize that we live in an age where we no longer just want to see recipes with bacon in it, we want to know how to cure the bacon ourselves. So here was a chef who not only was providing us with those answers, he was educating us about lifestyle choices that go beyond the gold standard.
 
Jesse leads by example. We can talk all we want about sustainability, traditional food arts, great cooking, locally sourced foods, and every other neutered catch phrase of the modern food world, but we need heroes who are willing to show us by doing, not by talking. Jesse is that kind of guy, and trust me they are rare and precious. He is a tireless worker, who hunts and fishes, appreciates our great outdoors, understands the importance of what we need to preserve in our cultural heritage, and translates it for the modern age—is there anything more important? That he chooses to do it in the food space is just the icing on the cake for someone like me.
 
Nothing is more important, or timely, in the search for a solution to the breakdown to our global systemic food system than the thorough study, reimagining, and ongoing education of Americans on the subject of hunting, fishing, and cooking as an inseparable triptych. If some of our modernist ideas are failing, if production and mechanization compromise our health and well being, if you are curious at all about pursuing solutions instead of tilting at windmills, then you will want to understand fully a food system that is economically, culturally, and environmentally sustainable. Jesse understands at a grassroots level what it takes to live truthfully, in a meaningful way that is deeply felt and personal. He doesn’t speak in sound bites or create lifestyle choices with a publicist. He lives and works in accordance with his own principles and that is what I admire about him the most. The benefit we all have is that we can learn from inspiring leaders like Jesse, and act locally while thinking globally. For me the appeal of his book is that it is approachable and engaging for us all.
 
For those committed to big ideas, or simply for a way to have more fun in the field and in the kitchen, this is a must read. The outdoors-person’s approach to food has worked…does work…and will always work, and within its ideology are practical ways that anyone interested in changing their world one delicious plate at a time will want to learn about. Slowing down the food systems we sped up, solving our food-health issues, and preserving the best practices of our lost generations are all attainable by living the hunting-cooking lifestyle.
 
At the end of the day, this is an inspiring collection of stories from the field, replete with 85 recipes that are as delicious as they are fascinating to page through. Anyone who loves food will enjoy this book. The magic, and why I think Afield is a special work, is that it fully portrays a way of living and thinking that allows us to return to a more simple way to be measured and respected. And it does so without lecturing or pandering. It reminds me that by living a more principled life, I can make my world a better place and I can use food and cooking to do it. This book is a beautiful piece of work, and after you read it, and cook from it, please get outside and get dirty with it. Wherever you are, the great outdoors is waiting for you, afield.

---

Introduction by Jesse Griffiths
 
I once described hunting to my antihunting mother as the same as planting, growing, and harvesting a carrot, just compressed into a few exciting moments. There is the preparation, the commitment, the anticipation, and the payoff—the sad and final moment when the food comes to hand, dead or soon-to-be. A carrot’s journey between seed and plate takes about four months, give or take. The span of time between a stick bobber disappearing into a murky creek and a fat crappie flopping onto the bank, or a mourning dove being hit and spiraling down into mesquite thicket is about ten seconds, give or take.
 
In hunting and fishing, the moment the animal is brought to hand is not the end, but rather the middle of the story. There is still much more work to be done— scaling, skinning, packaging, braising, frying—and the final result is far more rewarding. A gorgeous justcaught fall pompano, gutted and rubbed with olive oil, or a tray full of fresh sausages are the real reasons we spend time afield.
 
I grew up fishing with my father and only came to hunting in the last few years, which has doubled the time I spend outdoors and pretty much keeps me helplessly distracted year-round. Under the tutelage of many generous people, I have been able to forge a relationship between fish and game and my passion for cooking. This book is not written from the perspective of an expert hunter or fisherman, but from an obsessed one who spends a lot of time preparing and sharing what he catches. Some of the best times I’ve ever had were with friends on the bank of a river, drinking a little beer and frying up that evening’s batch of redbreast sunfish. Or maybe sautéing a fresh venison liver with some bacon and onions after a long, cold day in the woods, knowing that we will have good, ostensibly organic, free-range, grass-fed meat in our freezer for the rest of the year.
 
Over the past few generations, we’ve collectively lost the skills that our ancestors possessed to live off the land. Perhaps this is because the need is no longer there, with the proliferation and ubiquity of mass-produced food. Game meats and fresh fish are truly the healthiest proteins you can get your hands on, and, yes, they do taste different than farmed animals. This is because they’ve fed on wild grasses or minnows or croton seeds, and reflect the beautiful and austere surroundings from which they were gathered. In many cultures, this is perceived as an advantage—a boon to the lucky eater.
 
This book means not only to explore the world of direct sourcing—that is, being wholly involved in sustaining oneself —but to enlighten and encourage more responsibility and thrift in preparing, cooking, and sharing food from the wild. Hunting and fishing for your dinner gives you a distinct sense of ownership and connection to your own food sources—as well as the responsibilities that come with that, like stewardship, conservation, and a deep respect for life and death.
 
I don’t remember exactly how this project started. I was easily enamored with Jody’s photography, and I love the outdoors. I also work round the clock at my job as a chef and wanted to find a way to incorporate hunting and fishing into my daily life somehow. The solution seemed obvious: instruct people to cook what they hunt and fish for, and include good pictures.
 
Jody is also a hunter and fisherman, but he favors his camera more. He never really puts it down to cast a rod for more than a couple of minutes, and he did once annoyingly take six shots at some doves, dropping four, before casually resuming his photography while I went to collect and pluck his downed birds.
 
This book allowed us to spend time with our peers and friends who are as attuned to eating well as we are. They are fellow chefs, guides, writers, architects, ranchers, farmers, nurses, teachers, carpenters, lawyers, and, of course, Tink—who defies categorization. Every anecdote shared in the pages that follow is real. Every animal shot or caught was happily eaten and, be assured that we were having a seriously good time throughout.
 
These stories take place in the Great State of Texas, specifically the Central Texas Hill Country around Austin, where we are blessed with clear-flowing limestone streams, muddy prairie lakes, and pine forests within a couple of hours drive in any direction. Add a couple more hours to that and you have saltwater bays and surf, semi-arid plains, and impenetrable South Texas thickets, teeming with deer, javelinas (peccaries), and huge boars. It is truly a beautiful and bountiful place, but the information contained in Afield is germane to any place game or fish are found. We emphatically encourage experimentation and substitution with these recipes depending on the geography and seasons.
 
What are seasons, really? When hunting, fishing, farming, or foraging, one is, by default, confined to eating seasonally. Just as there’s a right and wrong time of year to grow and pick different types of produce, the same is true for wild fish and game. Ducks arrive (here) en masse in late winter; the crappie spawn when the wildflowers pop in the spring and the sunfish will bed up around the first full moon of May or June. Don’t ever shoot a rabbit in the summer, unless you want to see some parasites. These natural parameters present a preordained guide to eating what is available throughout the year. This sequence of beginnings and endings wrapped up in a year provides constant opportunity, in perpetuity.
 
The recipes, or rather the cooking techniques, in this book are based not only on the availability— legal and literal—of fish and game, but of the things that grow around them. This newfangled ideal, practiced since the dawn of time, not only makes sense, but is inherently frugal, pleasantly self-reliant, and it tastes better. As a regimen, place-oriented eating was the norm for every generation up until that of our greatgrandparents. Nowadays, you may commonly hear of this style of eating, or food grown without chemicals and in the proper season as “organic”, as being expensive or elitist compared to “conventional” meats and produce. However, food planted with the seasons, hunted in season, and gathered in season was once simply known as good food.
 
With so much time, effort, and resources spent on acquiring our own game, it seems incumbent upon us to spend some energy honoring the animal when we eat it. The pork added to sausage to increase its fat content should be good pork, raised happily outside, just like deer; otherwise it’s like diluting a dusty, twenty-yearold bottle of Châteauneuf-du-pape with convenience store swill. That venison from the doe you shot that’s going in that sausage is some of the best meat available anywhere and deserves good company. Good garlic, good salt, good spices, good pig.
 
The vegetables and fruit that cosmically appear throughout the seasons should likewise be of high quality. If it were up to me, there would be an opening day for strawberries, too, because they just aren’t right until they’re ready. Sure, you can stretch it out, buying strawberries whenever you want them, but they don’t want to be eaten until they’re red and ripe and sweet and from someplace nearby. A very religious and conservative farmer friend once told me regarding food, “You can’t always get what you want, but you get what you need.” Mr. Alexander’s simple tenet of good eating was remarkably enlightening: our food surrounds us, just don’t take too much. I also would have never pegged him for a Stones fan.
 
Treated in this way, food becomes much, much easier to make, not harder. I promise you that. When you hunt, fish, and harvest or buy your ingredients locally, the decisions have already been made for you. Recipes become methods and concepts instead of rote standards. Your shopping list is literally handed to you by your surroundings. And all that’s left for you to do is to decide how you want to heat them up.

Most helpful customer reviews

111 of 129 people found the following review helpful.
Elegant Recipes With One HUGE Caution!
By Chris Roehrig
First, Let me say that this a beautiful book in terms of content, recipe quality, photography, etc. I am an avid cook, forager, hunter, fisher, outdoorsman, and most of conservationist. I am also a person mildly obsessed with cooking, sausage making, knife skills, and all other aspects of "completing the circle." My family and friends process our own game, eat the odd bits, and plant oak trees (both metaphorically and literally). I have spent a large portion of my life not only hunting, foraging, and fishing, but working in restaurants. From the front of the house to the back, I have worked virtually every job in a restaurant. With that caveat...

Most of the recipes are masterful...5 stars. Wide ranging, not necessarily deep on a per animal basis. This is an overview that every single hunter and fisher should have, period. No questions asked. However, there is a VERY big and VERY glaring miss in this book. This omission is not limited to the author, but is a bigger issue with the budding wild food chefs.

Chronic Wasting Disease

In this book and through several other foodie related, wild game oriented recipes many recipes and techniques have centered around using and cutting the bones of deer, whether they be whitetail, elk, mule deer etc. I wholeheartedly applaud the use of every item available, but cannot begin to tell what an issue this is if you hunt an area where CWD is a possibility. Every single recommendation in these areas is to test the animal and if it comes back positive destroy every ounce of meat and soak everything that touched it in 50/50 bleach / water solution. As a very large precaution, when processing game in areas that could have CWD positive animals, the instructions are equally explicit: Do NOT sever or eat the spinal cord, lymph nodes, brains, etc that can spread the prion disease. Those are the areas where the concentration and likelihood of transmission take place.

If you aren't familiar with CWD let me give you a very brief rundown of it. CWD is a form of encephalopathy; related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or Mad Cow Disease. It is also related to the sheep family disease scrapie. I have spoke with DOW/DNR representatives in two different states and their recommendations are this: 1) Have your animal tested if you are in an area known to have CWD. 2) Destroy / Sanitize everything if an animal tests positive. 3) Don't cut the bones, cook the bones, or interact with the spinal column, eyes, lymph nodes etc as a precaution.

GIven that the majority of hunters do not have their animals tested, and what I assume to be at least one part of the target demographic of this book (not lifetime hunters but chefs/ foodies who want to complete the local movement), recipes like the Venison Neck Osso Bucco are not ok. For the author, who is an accomplished Chef but has only hunted for a few years, I can let a little bit of it pass. Treat it like beef! However, when you write a book many people will take you as an authority. Cooking will NOT kill CWD.

Creating a recipe around one of the riskiest areas, one of the areas explicitly warned against by the scientists and experts in every single state that has CWD is irresponsible at best. Cutting the neck and serving a dish with the spinal cord in it is an unnecessary risk. It is literally cooking one of the potentially most dangerous portions of a deer or elk and I have zero idea how their legal department ever cleared this.

I get that only 17 of the United States have confirmed cases of CWD, but we all know this will get larger as time goes on. We are a few years away from a much more serious conversation on this disease. To publish a book nationwide with ZERO discussion about this is extremely irresponsible. This is not limited to the Osso Buco, but cutting the bones to make stock and other preparations that sever the bone all increase issues. Regardless of where you stand on CWD, to have no discussion is unacceptable.

The recipes are beautiful and elegant and highly recommended. Chef Quality and no Cream of Mushroom to be found. If you want to buy the book for those, please do. However, the lack of basic safety conversation or naiveté on the subject of CWD, is disconcerting. This book should probably be reissued by the publisher before ambulance chasers show up.

And just for the record, I cook venison medium rare. I am not a germ-o-phobe, process all my own game, make dry cured sausage and products, and have family recipes the FDA would never approve of. The difference is I know my risks. When you publish a book for the masses, you better let them make an educated decision.

9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Not Just A Cookbook
By A. Argersinger
This is beyond just a cookbook - Jesse Griffiths writes about the hunt before each section (the book is divided into types of game) so that you really get a feel for what it is like, not just hunting but being there, the people, the places. If you do want to hunt the game you will be cooking, he provides step by step directions to dress and clean the game along with photographs, but non hunters can easily use this book as well. If you can source from friends that hunt, great. If not, you can get many of the ingredients and a good grocery or farmers market, and/or convert them to non-game animals (and fish).

Beautifully written and photographed, simple accesible but deliciious recipes. I have thoroughly enjoyed this book and will continue to do so as we cycle through various hunting seasons.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Amazing!
By Mike C.
This book blew my expectations out of the water. Simply amazing. Worth every penny, and every sportsman that I've shared it with has been equally blown away and ordered a copy for themselves.

You will not be disappointed!!

See all 76 customer reviews...

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Radio Protocols for LTE and LTE-Advanced, by SeungJune Yi, SungDuck Chun, YoungDae Lee, SungJun Park, SungHoon Jung



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Radio Protocols for LTE and LTE-Advanced, by SeungJune Yi, SungDuck Chun, YoungDae Lee, SungJun Park, SungHoon Jung

Provides a unique focus on radio protocols for LTE and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A)

Giving readers a valuable understanding of LTE radio protocols, this book covers LTE (Long-Term Evolution) Layer 2/3 radio protocols as well as new features including LTE-Advanced. It is divided into two sections to differentiate between the two technologies’ characteristics. The authors systematically explain the design principles and functions of LTE radio protocols during the development of mobile handsets. The book also provides essential knowledge on the interaction between mobile networks and mobile handsets.

  • Among the first publications based on the 3GPP R10 specifications, which introduces LTE-A
  • Beginning with an overview of LTE, topics covered include: Idle Mode Procedure; Packet Data Convergence Protocol and Public Warning Systems
  • Presents the LTE radio interface protocol layers in a readable manner, to enhance the material in the standards publications
  • From an expert author team who have been directly working on the 3GPP standards

It is targeted at professionals working or intending to work in the area and can also serve as supplementary reading material for students who need to know how theory on the most extensively used mobile radio interface today is put into practice

  • Sales Rank: #1334479 in Books
  • Published on: 2012-09-25
  • Original language: English
  • Dimensions: 10.00" h x .90" w x 6.90" l, 1.10 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 352 pages

Most helpful customer reviews

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Best book for LTE protocol stack
By Ajay Panchal
I work in LTE and LTE advance topics and I found this book recently. I read few chapters of this book and found this is one the best books for Protocol stack I ever read. The problem with most of other books for LTE s that they talk about L1 or lower layers, whereas no other book talk about protocol stack as much this book does.
I highly recommend this book to all who wants to understand how protocol stack works for LTE and LTE-Advance.

In addition, I want to add that this book is very easy read and very well organized.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Written Like a research paper
By Rakibul Hasan
I started reading this book to enhance my knowledge about LTE protocols. The first thing came to my mind while reading is, this book is written like an IEEE paper and not reader friendly. You have to run through the pages to find lots of abbreviations which could easily be avoided. Every chapter started with unknown terms e.g. chapter-2 starting sentence is "RRC_IDLE is a UE AS state in .." now what is AS ? what it means, how it affects etc. is not clear at this point. The writer could have describe little bit of many things and make my life easier. While writing a good book, it is not how much knowledge you have rather you have to see everything through the eyes of your weakest reader and write accordingly. Thanks.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Very informational
By WONSU CHOI
I like this book not becasue the writers work for the same company of mine but because it gives me what I want to know.
I'm shifting from CDMA to LTE and have been gotten studies or trainings for LTE. But much of them are focused on physical aspect. I as a radio protocols SW engineer, wanted to know about how signaling messages and protocol state transitions are work in LTE.

But this book is difficult for none-radio-protocols-SW oriented people. It requires some protocols and SW related knowledge. If some people who has experience about other protocols such as GSM, WCDMA, or CDMA, the experience is very helpful. That's the reason I rated 4 not 5.

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Kamis, 19 September 2013

[N729.Ebook] PDF Ebook Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity, by Walter Bauer

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Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity, by Walter Bauer

Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity, by Walter Bauer



Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity, by Walter Bauer

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Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity, by Walter Bauer

  • Sales Rank: #859874 in Books
  • Published on: 1996-10
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x 6.00" w x .75" l, .95 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 326 pages

Language Notes
Text: English (translation)
Original Language: German

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By robert chamberlin
Great copy of Bauer's observations about early Christianity.

41 of 47 people found the following review helpful.
A More 'Generous' Review
By J. Ungureanu
Operative among many modern historians of the early church is a skeptical attitude toward an allegedly suppressive ecclesiastical power. We see such attitudes first fomenting among the Reformers and iconoclasts of the sixteenth century; however, it was not until the nineteenth century that it acquired a wide audience in the academe. Indeed, Philip Jenkins argued that studying 'deviant' forms of Christianity began enticing scholarly discussion in the nineteenth century. Scholars such as H.L. Mansel (d. 1871), J.B. Lightfoot (d. 1889), and J.H. Newman (d. 1890) were fascinated by ancient heretics. Mansel, for example, in his Gnostic Heresies of the First and Second Centuries, provided one of the earliest scholarly treatments of the movements of Basilides, Valentinus, Marcion, and others. Lightfoot, a well-known biblical commentator, also argued that references to Gnostic thought could be found in the New Testament, especially in the Pauline Epistles. And Newman, shortly before his conversion to Roman Catholicism, published an essay on the development and continuity of Christian doctrine in the first through sixth centuries. Such skeptical attitudes culminated in the assertion that narratives of orthodoxy in the first-century are later constructions, and that neither orthodox Christianity, nor its accepted texts, originally held any exclusivity. Such an assertion is central to Walter Bauer's influential thesis in Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity.

First published in 1934, Bauer divides his work into two major parts. The first half of the work discusses the rise and development of Christianity in Edessa, Egypt, Asia Minor, Macedonia, and Rome; the other half is dedicated to issues that are more general in nature. Bauer closes each chapter with a succinct proposition, allegedly drawn and supported by the numerous sources he examines. In the first place, Bauer begins by arguing, based on the records of the Edessene Chronicle, that the earliest forms of Christianity existing in Edessa before the fourth-century was predominately heterodox, that is, forms led by the heretics Marcion, Bar Daisan, and Mani (p. 22).

Passing Edessa to Egypt, Bauer argues that, no less than at Edessa, heresy predominated early Egyptian Christianity. He reads the Gospel of Egyptians and the Gospel of the Hebrews as evidence of Gentile Christians and Jewish Christians living side by side, "resting on syncretistic-gnostic foundations" (p. 53). Indeed, most recognized figures of early Christianity in second-century Alexandria, he tells us, were gnostics rather than orthodox (pp. 48-49).

In Asia Minor, orthodox leaders Ignatius and Polycarp were, according to Bauer, unsuccessful in battling and eliminating heresy in their parishes. Based on their epistles, Bauer concludes that only a minority governed orthodox Christianity, while the majority of Christians in Asia Minor were unencumbered by an onerous ecclesiastical church before the fourth-century (pp. 65-69).

In the remaining chapters of the first half, Bauer postulates two crucial propositions: (1) In earliest Christianity, orthodoxy represented the majority of Christians in Rome (p. 108). (2) Rome succeeded in becoming the epitome of established orthodoxy through "persuasive and polemical tactics" (p. 111). He grounds these claims in the fact that orthodox Roman Christians utilized the letter of 1 Clement as an instrument of refutation for any anti-orthodox Christianity. Polycarp, Dionysius of Corinth, Hegesippus, Ireaneus, and Eusebius all held the letter in the highest esteem, and even quoted it as a call to orthodoxy (p. 103). Thus Bauer reads 1 Clement as evidence of Rome "enlarging its own sphere of influence" (p. 98).

In Chapter 6, Bauer explores what he calls "Rome's persuasive and polemical tactics." According to Bauer, one way Rome succeeded in becoming the epitome of established orthodoxy is through its traditional associations with Peter and Paul. The Apostolic Fathers, such as Ignatius, Dionysius, and others, repeatedly appeal to apostolic tradition, preserving their ancestral customs. However, the heretics also came up with their own apostolic traditions. Thus the Roman church had to find other modes of persuasion. As the letter of I Clement shows, Rome gained strength through its successful interventions in the affairs of other churches. But other sources reveal, according to Bauer, that financial donations or material gifts, compassionate attitude toward repentant sinners, and effective leadership and tight organization under a single bishop gave the Roman church the ability to extend its boundaries and sphere of influence. Rome was successful because it centralized its power, unlike other forms of Christianity. Bauer concludes that in the course of the early Christian centuries, the so-called heretical groups remained divided and even fought among themselves. As a result, they were finally routed, one after another, by the so-called orthodox Christians.

In the second half of the work, Bauer deals with some of the more general consequences of his research. How did orthodox Christians react to heretics? Bauer points out that Eusebius records numerous acerbic, aggressive, and anti-heretical polemics by Apollonius, Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis, and many others (pp. 138-42). He concludes, "Defamation of the enemy perhaps plays a greater role in these circles than proof from scripture" (p. 145). How dominant was heresy in the second-century? Based on literary production, Bauer asserts, "heretics considerably outnumbered the orthodox" (p. 194). Finally, What impact should this have on our understanding of Apostolic Christianity? Bauer answers that in the beginning there was no "pure" form of Christianity; only much later, in the fourth-century, did orthodox Christians begin drawing lines of demarcation. Indeed, Jesus himself was the original heretic, and Paul "was the only heresiarch known to the apostolic age" (p. 236). In short, in the first two Christian centuries, orthodoxy and heresy were not recognized as primary and secondary, and that in many regions what came to be known in the ecclesiastical tradition as "heresy" was in fact the remnant of original Christianity.

It has become exceedingly difficult to be original in evaluating Bauer's work, for since its publication a veritable flood of monographs, articles, and scholarly discussions have taken place. The general assessment and reception of the work, as the appendices of the 1964 edition of the work indicates, has been overwhelmingly extolling. However, Bauer's work is not without its criticisms. Therefore I shall delimit evaluative remarks to areas in his analysis that resemble leaps in judgment, and then suggest two areas of research I believe merit fuller investigation.

That Bauer's thesis was controversial in its use of evidence is not surprising. As soon as Bauer published his 1934 edition, Patristic scholar Walter Völker published a reprimanding review in the 1935 issue of Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte (Journal of Church History). Völker's general assessment of Bauer's thesis: Bauer "has made rich use of his imagination, and the result is that in many passages his evidence cannot stand up in the face of careful scrutiny" (400). More specifically, Völker objects Bauer's conclusion that the earliest form of Christianity was Marcion, arguing that this conclusion is "at very best brilliantly witty conjectures" (401). In other words, many of Bauer's conclusions are simply non-sequiturs. For example, Bauer argues that Marcionism was one of the earliest forms of Christianity in Edessa. However, even if that were true, that does not support his general conclusion that heresy preceded orthodoxy. At best, the evidence only shows that the Marcion heresy-- which was, according to other early sources, itself a departure from orthodoxy (cf. Tertullian, Adv Marc 1.1; Epiphanius, Panarion 42.1.1-2.8)--was taken to the region of Edessa before the orthodox church had established its influence there. Furthermore, does Polycarp not mentioning a "bishop" in his letter to the Philippian church really show that the bishop there was a "heretic" (pp. 73-74)? That hardly seems to be the case; the only evidence Bauer presents for this claim is his "intuition" and a conflation of multiple sources.

In his chapter on Egypt, Bauer concludes that Egyptian Christianity existed apart from ecclesiastical structures, exhibiting during the second-century a gnosticism that ultimately succumbed under the authority of fourth-century, orthodox Alexandrian bishops. Other scholars have accused Bauer's conclusions here as largely based on an "argument from silence," but it is also a gross over-simplification of the historical milieu. That is, the setting, and evidence, is simply too complex to conclude that there was only one form--whether orthodox or heterodox--of Christianity existing at one place at one time. It was Colin H. Roberts, in his 1977 Schwiech Lectures of the British Academy, who rebuked Bauer on this point. Roberts adds, furthermore, that most of our gnostic manuscripts from Egypt were "written in the fourth and fifth centuries when orthodoxy was at the height of power." Thus, not only has Bauer simplified the rise and development of Christianity in Egypt, but the majority of the evidence of Egyptian Christianity cannot possibly support Bauer's conclusions.

We saw earlier how Bauer's reading of 1 Clement lead him to the conclusion that Macedonia, soon after the Pauline ministry, began espousing various forms of Christianity. But according to H.E.W. Turner, Bauer's reconstruction of the situation is "at best non-proven." With regard to Rome, Turner maintains that "it is regrettable that Bauer did not attempt nay minute analysis of the early traditions...comparable to his treatment of the history of the other great sees." Since there were many reasons why a Christian might wish to visit Rome in the second century, there is "nothing surprising" about the "convergence of orthodox church leaders upon Rome (the names of many non-orthodox figures also are connected with that city), and it "certainly fails to establish the special significance which Bauer appears to assign it." In sum, Turner suggests that Bauer's "fatal weakness [is]...a persistent tendency to over-simplify problems, combined with the ruthless treatment of such evidence as fails to support his case," adding that "[h]istory seldom unfolds itself in so orderly a fashion" as Bauer has supposed.

Another scholar, A.I.C. Heron, has questioned Bauer's reconstruction of early Christian history. Recognizing that 1 Clement is the key to Bauer's theory that the victory of orthodoxy was the victory of Roman authority over the churches, Heron declared that Bauer's interpretation of that letter is inadequate on three counts: (1) The analysis of Rome's motives are including the desire to extend its influence depends more on late second-century evidence than it does on 1 Clement. (2) The description of the situation supposed to be prevailing at Corinth has no support in the text. (3) The grounds for locating the writing of the letter in the context of the struggle with heresy do not exist. Bauer's interpretation if 1 Clement is contradicted by so many features in the text itself that Heron rejects it entirely.

Although Bauer certainly displays an admirable control of sources, his overall methodology has come under serious question in modern scholarship. His epistemological assumption throughout, for example, is to act as the "disinterested judge," and maintain the dictum audiatur et altera pars (p. xxi). But historical facts are never independent of interpretation, and much of Bauer's interpretive reconstructions smacks of the anti-Catholic bias that was so prevalent in German Protestant scholarship in the 1930s. At best, it seems like the only valid point in Bauer's thesis is that there was a diversity of belief in the first-century. I. Howard Marshall's main contention with Bauer, for instance, is that he "has the effrontery to label the second century as `earliest Christianity.'"

Finally, Lewis Ayres, in an issue of Journal of Early Christian Studies entirely dedicated to demonstrating the complexity of early Christian history, and thus repudiating Bauer's thesis, has provided a very helpful recent overview of Bauer's work. Put simply, Ayres claims that Bauer's thesis has been rejected in two distinct ways: (1) most of Bauer's examples have turned out to be unconvincing as scholarship on the second and third centuries has progressed; (2) most significant scholarship on the development of Christian belief has rejected the idea that we can narrate a monolithic story of heresy becoming orthodoxy.

Let me add a couple final remarks before concluding. First, What is heresy? I suggest that "heresy," as a concept, was first articulated in an early Jewish context. On the basis of such early sources as the Mandate of Hermes, Justin's First Apology, Didache, and Didascalia Apostolorum, it may be argued that definitions of heresy were "essentially Jewish and to a great extent traditional." In other words, our earliest sources reveal "heresy" as a thoroughly early Jewish construction. In early rabbinic literature, terms such as minim, kofer ba-ikkar, and blasphemia creatoris, would ultimately evolve to frame the context of the hairesis for the early Christian church. Indeed, this should occasion no surprise, as the majority of modern scholars now recognize that formative Christianity was in the context of first-century, Palestinian Judaism.

Second, How did heresy develop? Recent studies of late antiquity suggests that motives for conversion in early Christianity runs parallel to patterns of conversion in non-Christian religions: namely, by "wonderful acts." What the writings of Eusebius, Justin, Ireanaeus, Tertullian, Cyprian, and even the Apostle Paul shows is that conversion was the result of "signs, marvels, and miracles" (cf. Acts 2.22; 2.43) Yet, as Ramsay MacMullen observes, "There is no saying, however, out of our tiny corpus of evidence, what aspects of church doctrine in practice worked to attract non-Christians especially, or what especially worked to drive them away." I should like to suggest that this piece of evidence shows that some of the early heresies developed inevitably from uneducated, lay masses, who were converted neither by appeals to scripture, nor by philosophical argument, but by means of the miraculous. Indeed, this seems to be a particular pattern within Christian history. It was this oversight, for example, that fueled the Reformation. As a child, Calvin made a striking observation about the ignorance of his fellow parishioners:

"As the Feast of St. Stephen drew near, they would adorn them all alike with garlands and necklaces, the murderers who stoned him, in the same fashion as the martyr. When the poor women saw the murderers decked out in this way, they mistook them for Stephen's companions, and presented each with his own candle. Even worse, they did the same with the devil who struggled against St. Michael."

Continuing research, then, into the relationship between Christianity and Judaism, and Christianity and late antique paganism, will enable a more helpful framework for understanding the rise and development of orthodoxy and heresy in formative Christianity.

The work of Bauer has undoubtedly been influential. That so many scholars are still interested in Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity, nearly a century after its publication, demonstrates its enduring importance. Bauer's work has provided a starting point for further research, leading scholars to explore more carefully Christian origins and the development of its distinctive theologies. However, due in large part to new archeological discoveries, and increased scholarly interest in the field of Christian origins, many of Bauer's examples have turned out to be unpersuasive, and that monolithic narratives about orthodoxy, the Roman church, or heresy, fail to accurately portray the complexities and diversity of early Christian history.

51 of 54 people found the following review helpful.
Want to know about "primitive" Christianity?
By Paul Stevenson
Many conservative Christians say they want to return to pure, primitive New Testament Christianity. In the United States this is most often heard from Protestant fundamentalists. But many Catholics and Orthodox Christians also believe that their version of Christianity is the original one.

However, if you want to see what *real* early Christianity was like, you have to look at ancient sources. A fascinating one is the Odes of Solomon, a collection of first century Palestinian hymns in Syriac (Aramaic). But for a more synthetic scholarly approach, Walter Bauer's book is one of the best. It is important to remember that "orthodoxy" is defined differently by different groups. Whatever your group believes is orthodox; whatever other groups believe is heresy. For many centuries, "orthodox" in the West has meant "Roman Catholic." But well before this version of orthodoxy existed, and for many centuries after it began, there were other Christianities.

Jewish Christianity and Gnosticism probably have the claim to being the oldest forms of Christianity. Marcionism, starting in the second century CE, quickly became the most widespread form of Christianity, and it remained so for centuries. Local varieties, such as that of the Syriac-speaking Bardaisan in Edessa, also sprang up. Eventually, though, the local variety of Christianity that sprang up in Rome managed to spread most effectively. Initially this was due to the natural organizational skills that characterized Roman culture. After Christianity was legalized in the Empire, Roman Christianity could avail itself of the resources of the state to aid its spread. (Even so, this only worked within the Empire. Outside of it, East Syriac Christianity was even bigger than Roman Catholicism for several centuries. See The Church of the East: A Concise History.)

Bauer takes us on a long guided tour of early varieties of Christianity. He begins in Edessa and Egypt, "so as to obtain a glimpse into the emergence and the original condition of Christianity in regions other than those that the New Testament depicts as affected by this religion" (p. xxii). He then surveys the development of Christianity in other areas around the Mediterranean world. In each case he discusses what can be gleaned from ancient documents about the progress of Christianity in the local milieu, and how "orthodoxy" eventually became prominent.

Bauer's last chapter summarizes the advantages Roman Christianity was able to make use of as it pressed itself onto populations around the Mediterranean. He has telling statements, such as, "The form of Christian belief and life which was successful was that supported by the strongest organization..." (p. 231). With relation to the original Jewish Christianity in Palestine: "Thus, if one may be allowed to speak rather pointedly, the apostle Paul was the only heresiarch known to the apostolic age--the only one who was so considered in that period, at least from one particular perspective" (p. 236). However, the Jewish Christians--called "Judaists" by Bauer--were too inflexible in dealing with would-be gentile converts, while Paul was quite adaptive. "Thus the Judaists become an instructive example of how even one who preserves the old position can become a 'heretic' if the development moves sufficiently far beyond him" (p. 236).

Much has been written on this topic since Bauer's time, but his book remains a classic in the area. If you have a serious interest in the early Christianity, you owe it to yourself to get Bauer's perspective.

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